Acupressure for Birth
I just completed a wonderful course on acupressure for birth. I learned a few useful acupressure points in my doula training, and have found them helpful in some labors. I jumped at the opportunity to expand my knowledge with this course! I really enjoyed learning more about how my hands can be used to support a laboring client, beyond simple touch and massage.
First, let’s briefly discuss how acupressure works. Acupressure and acupuncture are age-old therapeutic modalities, originating from ancient China. When using acupressure, we are focused on certain points of the body that correspond to certain conditions. Research shows that using these points stimulates the parasympathetic nervous system. (The autonomous nervous system controls our ‘fight or flight’ responses, while the parasympathetic controls our ‘rest and digest’ functions). We know it is essential for the birthing person to be as relaxed as possible during labor, and the parasympathetic nervous system helps by slowing the heart rate, increasing gland activity, and relaxing sphincter muscles. (Remember, the cervix is a sphincter!) Evan, one of the instructors of the course, summarizes it this way: “acupressure gives us a direct line of influence into the most basic functions of the nervous system’s control over the birthing process.”
I think the most helpful things I learned in this course were how to use acupressure for postpartum and cesarean births. In the postpartum period, we can utilize points for fatigue, uterine recovery, and lactation. When supporting a cesarean birth, we can not bring things with us into the OR, and many of our comfort measures that we use in labor are not appropriate. Using acupressure allows us to help the mother to remain calm and be present during their surgical birth. It can also help alleviate some of the discomforts common to cesareans, such as headache and shortness of breath.
Acupressure is useful for many situations in labor, birth, and postpartum; everything from anxiety and nausea, to bleeding and lactation. For most conditions, there are multiple points that can be stimulated to increase the effects. It is important to be trained in acupressure, as some points can induce labor, and should not be used without permission of one’s care provider. On the other hand, using inappropriate points will not bring about the helpful effects we desire.
Further Reading:
www.acupressureforbirth.net
Acupuncture or Acupressure for Pain Relief during Labor
Acupressure to reduce labor pain: a randomized controlled trial
Acupuncture or acupressure for induction of labor
1820s Motherhood
Last week, while a friend was in from out-of-town, we were able to tour the Isaiah Davenport House here in Savannah, GA. I was immediately intrigued by this photo:
This is a silhouette of Sarah Davenport, given to her as a gift after delivering her 10th child (7 survived infancy). It was done in 1828 by a silhouette artist by the name of Master Hanks. The thing that blew me away is that this piece was made when she was one week postpartum!
This and some of the other artifacts (pictured below) made me wonder, what was it like to be a mother in the 1820s.
With further research, I have compiled some interesting tidbits about birth in the 1820s.
1. It was deadly.
If a woman were to survive the birth itself, she was susceptible to childbed fever, now known as puerperal fever. The quick-progressing symptoms of this bacterial infection of the reproductive tract consisted of extreme abdominal pain, fever, and weakness. It took many years for doctors to learn the cause of the disease, which was eventually found to be caused by the lack of sanitation at the time. Doctors would often go directly from autopsies to births, with no hand hygiene between. The idea of doctors spreading the disease was first proposed in the early 1790s by Alexander Gordon, but was not accepted until 1885. It remained a problem due to carelessness in antiseptic routine, until sulfa and penicillin were introduced as treatments in the 1930s and 40s. We also cannot neglect the fact that deliveries were much more traumatic in this time, causing more wounds and a greater opportunity for infection to set in.
If women did not succumb to the fever, there were of course other deadly complications such as postpartum hemorrhage or obstructed labor. In fact, women wrote their wills upon finding out they were pregnant. Non-deadly, but life-altering, complications also occurred. These included damage from untreated infections and venereal diseases (antibiotics were not widely used for nearly another century), uterine prolapse, and fistulas.
Cornelia Augusta, Isaiah and Sarah's ninth child, died of childbed fever in 1853 at age 29.
2. Pain relief
Ether was first used in 1847, and chloroform shortly thereafter, but obviously were not available for Sarah's births in the 1820s. These medications also made the use of forceps more common, as they made it difficult for women to push effectively.
3. Doctor or midwife?
Before the 19th century, all births were attended by midwives. In the 1820s, most births were still at home (only 5% of deliveries occured in hospitals by 1900), but began to be attended by doctors as well. Sarah most likely had a home birth with a midwife, but we can't be certain.
Sources:
http://www.davenporthousemuseum.org/
https://www.bellybelly.com.au/birth/why-women-used-to-die-during-childbirth/
https://www.fitpregnancy.com/pregnancy/labor-delivery/checkered-history-delivery-room
http://www.loyno.edu/~kchopin/new/women/bcabortion.html
Birth: The Surprising History of How We Are Born by Tina Cassidy
Lying-In: A History of Childbirth in America by Richard Wertz & Dorothy Wertz
TENS
What is TENS?
TENS stands for transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation. The device uses small electrical pulses to stimulate nerve endings in the skin and muscles. This feels like a tingling sensation on your skin. This helps relieve pain by interrupting pain signals to the brain (gate control theory), and helping your body produce endorphins.
Is TENS safe?
TENS is absolutely safe when used properly. In the study, there were "no adverse effects on mothers or newborns."
Is TENS effective?
In the study cited below, the conclusion states: "TENS is an effective non-pharmacological, non-invasive adjuvant pain relief modality for use in labor and delivery. TENS application reduced the duration of the first stage of labor and the amount of analgesic drug administered."
What are the benefits?
TENS is self administered and self controlled. It can be turned on and off, with the effects dissipating immediately when removed. TENS also allows you to keep moving and be in any position you like. You are also completely clear-headed, unlike some pharmacological pain control. TENS may also help you delay or avoid pain reliving medication.
What are the disadvantages?
TENS can not be used in water. It also can not be used if you have epilepsy or a pacemaker. The pads should not be placed over broken skin.
TENS is most effective when you begin using it early in labor. For this reason, I loan TENS units to my clients, so they can use it even before calling me if they chose.
For further reading:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9544709
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4297467/
http://www.birthbeyondbias.com/birthbeyondbias/2014/7/1/close-the-door-gate-control-theory
https://www.fitpregnancy.com/pregnancy/labor-delivery/tens-the-natural-labor-tool-no-one-talks-about
https://www.babycentre.co.uk/a542581/using-a-tens-machine-in-labour
http://www.honeybeemama.com/2013/07/tens-unit-for-labor-pain-relief.html
http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/494120_10
Where You Give Birth MATTERS!
This week, I was reading the new Consumer Reports on c-section rates. To put the jumble of numbers in perspective, the World Health Organization recommends that the c-section rate should be no higher than 15%. Our current national average is 33%.
According to Consumer Reports, as of March 2017, these are the cesarean rates in our area:
Memorial Hospital- "17% of first-time mothers with low-risk deliveries had a C-section"
St. Joseph's Candler - "40% of first-time mothers with low-risk deliveries had a C-section."
Also, from The LeapFrog Group, I was able to find out the episiotomy rates.
Memorial Hospital- 2.6%
St. Joseph's Candler- 15.3%.
But these two places are not the only choice for birth in Savannah!
The Midwife Group & Birth Center reports a hospital transfer rate of 9.59% with a 4% c-section rate for 2016.
Savannah Midwifery - "GeorgAnna's transport rate (of women in labor from home to the hospital) is 5.26%, or 5 clients in 6 years. Newborn transport rate is 3.94%, or 3 in 5 years (two to the hospital, one to their Pediatrician). One Savannah Midwifery client who transported from home to hospital had a non-emergent cesarean."
Don't get me wrong, I am glad we have c-sections. They are truly life-saving when needed. The problem is that providers are becoming more likely to recommend this procedure- a major abdominal surgery- for reasons that are not evidence based. No surgery is without risks, so the decision for a cesarean birth should always come after a risk-benefit analysis and with the family's informed consent.
C-sections are birth, and birth is beautiful.